Push/Fold Chart

An interactive push-or-fold chart for short-stack tournament poker. Pick a position and stack depth to see exactly which hands to shove all-in — and switch tabs to see which hands the big blind should call with. Ranges are chip-EV (Nash-style) baselines; adjust for antes and ICM as described below.

Your Position
Stack Depth (BB)
Shove / Call Fold
Hands
% of range
Combos
Want to drill these spots until they're automatic? The preflop range trainer serves random push/fold scenarios with instant feedback. For the full math, read short stack tournament strategy and how ante size changes your push/fold chart.

What is a push/fold chart?

A push/fold chart is a short-stack reference that answers a single question: with this hand, in this seat, at this stack depth, should you move all-in or fold? When your stack drops into the 5–15 big blind range, you no longer have room for a standard open-raise. If you raise to 2.5bb and face a shove, you've committed a chunk of your stack with no good options. So the decision tree collapses to two branches — push or fold — and those branches can be solved with math.

The chart above is built from position-by-position shove ranges that mirror the ranges used in our preflop range trainer, so what you study here is exactly what you'll be drilled on there. Each colored cell is a hand you shove; each dark cell is a fold. The 13×13 grid is the standard poker hand matrix: pairs run down the diagonal, suited hands sit in the upper-right, and offsuit hands fill the lower-left.

When should you switch to push/fold?

There's no hard line, but here are the practical thresholds most winning tournament players use:

  • Above ~20 big blinds: Play normal poker — open-raise, call, and 3-bet. You have room to fold to aggression.
  • 15–20 big blinds: The transition zone. Many opens become shoves, especially from late position, because raise-fold is too expensive.
  • Under ~12 big blinds: Pure push/fold. Open-raising and folding to a 3-bet bleeds chips. Shoving captures maximum fold equity — the chance everyone folds and you win the blinds and antes uncontested.

This is why the depth selector above runs from 15bb down to 5bb. The shorter your stack, the wider every range gets, because a shorter shove needs opponents to fold less often to show a profit — and they need a stronger hand to call.

The math behind every push

Every shove is a wager that combines two ways to win: opponents fold, or they call and your hand holds up. The break-even fold frequency for a shove with zero showdown equity is simply your risk divided by your risk plus the reward already in the middle:

Break-even fold % = Risk / (Risk + Reward)

12bb shove on the button, blinds 1/2k, no ante:
Reward (dead money) = 3,000   Risk = 24,000
Required folds = 24,000 / (24,000 + 3,000) = 88.9%

Same spot with a 2,000 big-blind ante:
Reward = 5,000   Required folds = 24,000 / 29,000 = 82.8%

That six-point drop is why antes widen your shoving range: more dead money means your all-in has to work less often. Real shoves are even better than this conservative model because you still have equity the times you get called. For a full worked example, see our guide to ante adjustments.

How position changes the chart

Notice how dramatically the colored region grows as you move the position selector from UTG toward the button and small blind. The reason is fold equity: from under the gun there are seven players left who could wake up with a calling hand, so you need a genuinely strong holding. From the button only the blinds remain, so you can shove a much wider range and still expect folds most of the time. From the small blind you're heads-up against one player with dead money already committed — the widest shoving spot of all.

Reading the big-blind calling chart

Shoving is only half of push/fold. When you're in the big blind facing an all-in, you need a calling range, and it's much tighter than the shover's range because you need raw equity, not fold equity — there's no one left to fold out. Switch to the "Should the BB call?" tab, choose the shover's position and stack depth, and the grid shows the hands strong enough to call off your stack. As the shover's stack gets shorter, your calling range widens, because you're getting a better price to look them up.

Antes and ICM: when to deviate

These ranges are chip-EV baselines — they assume every chip is worth the same. Two real-world factors should pull you off the chart:

  • Antes push every shoving range wider (more dead money to win). If you're in a big-ante or big-blind-ante structure, treat the chart as a floor, not a ceiling.
  • ICM pulls your ranges tighter near pay jumps — especially your calls. On a bubble or at a final table, busting costs real money, so fold some of the marginal shoves and many of the marginal calls. At the same time, attack medium stacks who can't afford to bust. Our ICM bubble strategy and final table strategy guides cover this in depth.

Turn the chart into instinct

Reading a push/fold chart is step one. Drilling it until shoving A7o from the cutoff at 11bb feels automatic is step two.

⚡ Drill Push/Fold in the Trainer

Frequently asked questions

What is a push/fold chart?
A push/fold chart is a short-stack tournament reference that tells you which hands to move all-in (push) and which to fold when your stack is too shallow for a standard raise. Each chart is built for a specific position and stack depth in big blinds, turning a complex decision into a simple shove-or-fold lookup driven by hand equity and fold equity.
When should I switch to push/fold?
Most players move toward push/fold around 15 big blinds and play pure push/fold under about 12 big blinds. At that depth, open-raising and folding to a 3-bet wastes chips, so shoving to maximize fold equity becomes the highest-EV play. Antes widen profitable shoves further.
Are these push/fold charts good for final table play?
They're an excellent chip-EV baseline for final table and short-handed spots. At a real final table, apply ICM on top: tighten shoves and especially calls when pay jumps are large, and widen when you can pressure medium stacks who can't afford to bust.
How do antes change a push/fold chart?
Antes add dead money to the pot before the cards are dealt, lowering the fold percentage your shove needs to break even. The bigger the ante, the wider you can profitably jam — especially from late position. A no-ante chart used in a big-ante structure will be too tight.